Ne`kia
Moore
Professor
Broadous
PAS
113B
20
April 2012
Redemption
Ernest J. Gaines A Lesson Before Dying takes place in the 1940’s, in a small
community in Louisiana. Throughout the book Gaines’s themes reveal universal
truths. He demonstrates that racism destroys people; relationships suffer with
people’s choices; and redemption can prevail in trying times. The concepts for
his themes and setting came from his childhood. He demonstrates these themes
through his characters thoughts, emotions, and actions. Redemption plays a
major role in the novel. In the 1940’s faith was all African Americans had
(Gaines 214). Jefferson and Grant struggled with their faith, they both used to
believe; due to dramatic changes in their life’s they lost their faith. Redemption
is the action of saving or being saved from sin; deliverance. Throughout the
novel Gaines uses imagery of religion to show how Jefferson’s death led him to
his redemption, and the redemption of Grant and others in his community.
Gaines illustrated redemption throughout
his novel, mostly using Jefferson and Grant. He used Jefferson being convicted
of a crime that he did not commit, to show how he lost his faith. Gain then
shows how Jefferson working with Grant and the reverend, and knowing what his
godmother wanted before she died, helped him to find his redemption.
Gain used Grant's situation to
demonstrate that many educated blacks found that their education has separated
them from their culture and community. Grants college degree did not teach him
to teach his people, his education has taught him to look down on uneducated
individuals, such as Jefferson and Rev. Ambrose. By asking Grant, "What
did you learn?" Rev. Ambrose proved that the educational system failed to
provide African Americans with an education that will allow them to have
leadership roles in their community. His position quotes that of historian
Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), who argued that America's education system is
designed to enslave the minds of blacks and to perpetuate the myth of black
inferiority. As he contends in his groundbreaking book, The Mis-Education of
the Negro, "Taught the same economics, history, philosophy,
literature, and religion which have established the present code of morals, the
Negro's mind has been brought under the control of his oppressor. The problem
of holding the Negro down, therefore, is easily solved. When you control a
man's thinking you do not have to worry about his actions. . . . The Negro thus
educated is a hopeless liability to the race. The difficulty is that the
'educated' Negro is compelled to live and move among his own people whom he has
been taught to despise."
While trying to convince Grant to lie to
Jefferson so he can be redeemed, Rev. Ambrose's stated that he has no shame
about lying to protect others' feelings (Gaines 214). This shocked Grant
because he is a reverend; thou shall not lie (Exodus 20:16). Although it
shocked Grant, he was able to see Rev. Ambrose as a man instead of inferior to
him. Grant then accepted his moral obligation and did what the reverend asked
him to do, but he didn't lie to Jefferson about his own beliefs. He tells him
that he believes in God, but admits that he is not convinced of an afterlife
and spiritual salvation. Although he tells Jefferson he does not believe, he
wants him to so he can later believe.
Jefferson and Jesus were both innocent
men who were unjustly executed (Mark 15:39). Just as Christ was resurrected and
was vindicated, the commemoration of Jefferson's death will also vindicate him.
Both Grant and Jesus were looked upon as being teachers. Where Jesus was trying
to teach sinners to repent (Luke 5:32), Grant was trying to teach Jefferson how
to walk like a man. Ultimately, their teachings lead to the redemption of many.
Throughout the novel, Jefferson becomes
a Christ-like figure for the African-American community in his small town,
allowing him to die as a martyr; just as Jesus did (Luke 23:34). There are many
comparisons made between Jefferson and Jesus Christ. Jefferson’s death, for
example, is being compared to Christ's unjust and untimely execution (Mark
9:31). The judge decides to push back Jefferson's execution date to two weeks
after Easter (Gaines 157). Easter is Christian holiday which is about the
execution of Christ and his resurrection.
Jefferson was an uneducated young man
who led a quiet life, working as a common laborer for years, and never speaking
a word out of turn. When convicted for a crime he did not commit, Jefferson was
initially angry and insubordinate. He began
acting like the hog that the whites referred to him as in court (Gaines 4). He
never spoke to or acknowledged his godmother or anyone who came to visit him
(Gaines 71). Similar to Jefferson, Jesus was a model citizen and was falsely convicted
of being the Messiah, the son of God (Mark 14:60). Unlike Jefferson Jesus did
not become disobedient, instead Jesus became submissive (Mark 15:1-34).
Jefferson's godmother asked Grant to teach
Jefferson how to be "a man" before his execution, just as God sent
Jesus to save the world before his crucifixion (John 3:16). At first Grant was
reluctant to help Jefferson. He felt that Jefferson was ungrateful of his help.
In one parable, Jesus taught "don't cast your pearls before swine," (Matthew
7:6). He soon comes to realize, that redemption belongs to everyone. Although
one might imagine that the "lesson" is taught to Jefferson by Grant,
it seems to be the opposite. The greatest lesson is the lesson Jefferson
learns: that his death will ultimately lead to his redemption and the
redemption for Grant and others in his community. He knew that by refusing to
bow down in his final moments, he would make his community and godmother proud.
For these reasons, he walked to his execution calmly, and onlookers said he was
the strongest man in the room (Gaines 253). Jesus death led to the redemption
of many. He willingly allowed his executors to take him so God’s will could be
fulfilled. (Matthew 26:50-56).
The novel shows the connection between
Jefferson's role in the transformation of the black community and Christ's role
in the salvation of all people. Jefferson is scheduled to die on a Friday, like
Jesus died on Friday (Mark 15:42). He recalls that Jesus "never said a
mumbling word." Jefferson realizes that he is being asked to take the
cross: "Your cross, nannan's cross, my own cross. . . . You'all axe a lot,
Mr. Wiggins. . . .Who ever car'd my cross?" Jefferson challenges Grant for
him thinking that he was somehow less than "youman." Grant hung his
head in shame and acknowledged his fault: "My eyes were closed before this
moment, Jefferson. My eyes have been closed all my life. Yes, we all need you.
Every last one of us." This was the first part in Grant and Jefferson’s
redemption.
Rev. Ambrose recited Psalm 23 before
Jefferson died. This scripture is an example of redemption for Jefferson.
Psalms 23: 4 reads “Even when I walk through the darkest valley, I will not be
afraid, for you are close beside me. Your rod and staff protect and comfort
me.” Jefferson's last words were, "Tell Nannan I walked." Jefferson’s
last words were proof that he was redeemed. The way he walked into the room,
straight and tall, he was the strongest man in the room, showed his redemption.
His last moments were a tribute to his godmother and a testament to the
profound impact Grant has had on his life. Grant helped Jefferson to walk
and/or to find his redemption. Paul told Grant he saw Jefferson’s
transformation (Gaines 254). Jefferson’s death and how strong he was when he
walked helped Grant to find his redemption. Grant's impact on Jefferson is
reflected in Jefferson's impact on the community. The community transformed
Jefferson’s death into a celebration of life. Jesus rising from the dead symbolized
redemption for the world (1 Corinthians 15).
Towards the end of the book the yellow butterfly
represents new beginnings. When we think of the color yellow it often
symbolizes enlightenment, and the concept of light. The butterfly's flight into
the quarter symbolized Jefferson's transformation from a hog, to a man, to a
spiritual essence is complete. When Grant entered his classroom, put is ruler
down, faced his students and started to cry, this symbolized his transformation
from a bitter cynical man to a caring compassionate teacher. This is when Grant
found his redemption.
Gaines uses redemption to represent new
beginnings. Jefferson received his new beginning through his death. Grant
finally found his through Jefferson’s death. And the community’s new beginning
also came from Jefferson’s redemption, which gave them faith.
Work Cited
Harris, Stephen
L. Understanding the Bible. 3rd ed. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield
Publishing Co., 1992.
The
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Ed. William H.
Gentz. Nashville: Abingdon, 1986.
The New English
Bible. NY: Oxford University Press, 1972.
The Oxford
Companion to the Bible. Ed. Bruce M. Metzger and Michael
D. Coogan. NY: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Washington,
Durthy A. CliffsNotes on A Lesson Before Dying. 24 Apr 2012
<http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/literature/id-63.html>.
<http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/literature/id-63.html>.
Ferris, Bill.
"Meeting Ernest Gaines."
July/August 1998. Online Posting. Humanities, Volume 19/Number 4. 24 April 2012.